The Case for Iowa 2.0

I. The Hole in the Fleet

Every U.S. Carrier Strike Group (CSG) today is a masterpiece of airpower projection—100,000 tons of diplomacy, 90 aircraft, and a 600-mile reach. Yet when the Marines hit the beach, the gunfire dies. Since the last Iowa-class battleship was decommissioned in 1992, the Navy has had zero ships capable of sustained, high-volume, low-cost coastal bombardment.

  • Tomahawks cost $2 million each.
  • 5-inch guns reach 13 miles and carry 400 rounds.
  • Zumwalt’s advanced guns sit idle—the $800,000 shells were canceled.

In a Taiwan Strait scenario, the PLA could dig 100 miles of fortified coastline. Air wings run dry. Missiles run out. The beachhead stalls. The Navy needs a floating battery that can:

  1. Deliver 10,000 tons of ordnance per week
  2. Cost $5,000 per round, not $2 million
  3. Survive hypersonic saturation
  4. Keep up with the carrier at 35+ knots
 

II. Iowa 1.0 – The Gold Standard (1943–1992)

Specification
USS Iowa (BB-61) – Final 1980s Fit
Displacement
58,000 tons full load
Length
887 ft (270 m)
Beam
108 ft (33 m)
Propulsion
8 × Babcock & Wilcox boilers, 4 × geared turbines 212,000 shp
Top Speed
33 knots (confirmed 1945 trials)
Range
15,000 nm @ 15 knots
Main Battery
9 × 16″/50 Mark 7 (2,700 lb shell, 24 mi range)
Secondary
12 × 5″/38, 20 × 40mm, 80 × 20mm
Armor
Belt 12.1″, Turrets 19.5″, Deck 7.5″
Crew
1,800
Cost (2025 equiv.)
~$2.1 billion per ship

Legacy Impact:

  • Gulf War (1991): Iowa fired 1,100+ 16-inch shells in 72 hours—more tonnage than an entire air wing in a week.
  • Cost per ton delivered: $1,800 (vs. $4 million for Tomahawks).

But she was fuel-hungry, crew-heavy, and missile-vulnerable. Time to upgrade.

 
Enter Iowa 2.0.
 

III. Iowa 2.0 – The Nuclear Thunderbolt (2035 Commissioning)

Specification
USS Iowa 2.0 (BBG-1) – “Project Thunderstrike”
Displacement
62,000 tons full load
Length
900 ft (274 m) – lengthened for stability
Beam
110 ft (33.5 m)
Propulsion
2 × A1B reactors (Gerald R. Ford class) 4 × podded electric propulsors 600,000 shp total
Top Speed
38 knots (sustained), 40 knots sprint (sea state 2)
Range
Unlimited – 50-year core life
Main Battery
6 × 16″/62 Mark 8 (smart/dumb shells) 4 × 64 MJ Railguns (150–250 nm range)
Shell Types
• HE/AP (2,700 lb, $5k) • GPS-guided LRLAP-H ($80k) • HVP-ER (25 kg, $25k, Mach 7)
Secondary
8 × 155mm AGS (HVP), 8 × 300 kW HELWS lasers
Missile Defense
192-cell Mk 57 VLS (SM-3/6, ESSM Blk II, Tomahawk) 4 × SeaRAM, 6 × Phalanx CIWS
Armor
Reactive + composite ceramic on vitals, Spaced Kevlar spall liners
Crew
780 (AI-assisted fire control, drone ops)
UAV/USV Bay
50 × MQ-25, XQ-58, 20 × USVs
Cost (est.)
$14–16 billion (incl. R&D)

IV. Firepower: 1.0 vs 2.0

Metric
Iowa 1.0 (1980s)
Iowa 2.0 (2035)
Rounds per minute
18 × 16″
36 × 16″ + 40 × railgun
Range
24 mi
250 nm (railgun), 100 nm (smart 16″)
Cost per ton on target
$1,800
$900 (dumb), $6,000 (smart)
Sustained fire (1 week)
~5,000 rounds
20,000+ rounds
Anti-air kill chain
Phalanx + missiles
Railgun HVP + lasers + SM-6
One Iowa 2.0 = 12 Zumwalts in fire effect, at half the cost.
 

V. Why One Per Carrier Group?

CSG Today
CSG + Iowa 2.0
Fire Support
Air wing (400 sorties/day)
Magazine Depth
96 Tomahawks (DDGs)
Cost Efficiency
$2M per strike
Survivability
Carrier at 500 mi
Deterrence
Airpower

Strategic Math:

  • 12 active carriers12 Iowa 2.0s
  • Total program cost: ~$180 billion over 20 years
  • vs. 1,000 Tomahawks per CSG = $2 billion per week of combat

VI. The Counterarguments (And Rebuttals)

Myth
Reality
“Too vulnerable to hypersonics”
Layered defense: SM-6, railgun HVP, lasers, reactive armor. Survives 10+ hits.
“Crew trap”
780 vs 1,800 – automation + damage control drones.
“Obsolete gun platform”
Railguns outrange coastal missiles. 16″ shells are cheaper than any drone swarm.
“Carriers do it all”
Sorties cost $80k/hour. Iowa 2.0 fires for free (fuel-wise).

VII. The Vision: Thunderstrike Squadron“

Every carrier deserves its battleship.”
Imagine: CSG-1 (USS Ford) steams at 35 knots.
Iowa 2.0 (BBG-1) 10 miles astern, railguns glowing.
PLA radar lights up—they target the battleship.
Ford’s air wing strikes unopposed.

Iowa 2.0 isn’t a relic. It’s a force multiplier.

VIII. Call to Action Congress:

Fund BBG-1 in FY2027.
NAVSEA: Begin reactor fit studies at Newport News.
Marines: Write the requirement—“One thunderbolt per beach.” The sea is wide, but the beach is narrow.
Give the Marines their battleship back.

Iowa 2.0: Not a comeback. A checkmate.

PLA = People’s Liberation Army
Specifically, the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) and People’s Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF) in our Iowa 2.0 scenarios.

Why We Mention PLA

  • Primary Peer Threat (2025–2035): U.S. Navy war plans center on a potential Taiwan Strait conflict or South China Sea blockade.
  • PLA Coastal Defenses:
    • 1,000+ km of fortified islands (Spratly, Paracel, Hainan)
    • Hypersonic DF-17/21 missiles (anti-ship, land-attack)
    • YJ-21 carrier-killer (Mach 10, 1,500 km)
    • HQ-9B SAMs, drone swarms, minefields
  • Iowa 2.0’s Job:
    • Suppress PLA shore batteries with railguns @ 200 nm
    • Saturate beachheads with 16-inch shells
    • Draw fire so the carrier can strike deep
Bottom line: PLA = the adversary that makes Iowa 2.0 necessary.
Without it, the CSG has no answer to a dug-in, missile-armed coastline.
 
 

Hypothetical Naval Bombardment: Iowa-Class vs. Israel’s Layered Defenses

In our ongoing exploration of the Iowa-class battleship’s legacy and its hypothetical modern revival, let’s dive into a thought experiment: How would a sustained naval gunfire assault from offshore fare against Israel’s advanced air defense architecture? We’ll pit the original Iowa 1.0 (the WWII-era USS Iowa, BB-61, as reactivated in the 1980s) against the Iron Dome (short-range rocket/artillery interceptor) and David’s Sling (medium-range ballistic/cruise missile defender). Then, we’ll upgrade to our conceptualized Iowa 2.0 (“Project Thunderstrike”) and see how its hybrid firepower tips the scales.
 

This scenario assumes a fictional, high-stakes coastal defense drill: The Iowa is positioned 20 nautical miles (37 km) offshore, lobbing shells at a defended Israeli port city (e.g., Haifa). Israel’s systems are at full readiness—4–6 Iron Dome batteries covering the littoral zone and 2–3 David’s Sling batteries for backup. No preemptive strikes; it’s pure interception vs. bombardment. Real-world data informs this: Iron Dome has a ~90% success rate against artillery shells in tests, while David’s Sling excels at larger threats but isn’t optimized for unguided shells.

Key assumptions:

  • Shell flight time: ~45–60 seconds at 20 nm (terminal velocity ~250 m/s).
  • Salvo size: Iowa’s 9 × 16-inch guns fire in three-gun broadsides every 30 seconds.
  • Defender economics: Tamir interceptors ($50k each) vs. 16-inch shells ($500–$1k each in 1980s terms).
  • Saturation threshold: Iron Dome handles 100–200 threats before reloads (15–20 min per battery); David’s Sling is pricier ($1M per Stunner) and slower to cycle.
Scenario 1: Iowa 1.0 – The Relentless Hammer

The original Iowa packs raw kinetic punch but lacks precision or countermeasures. Her 16-inch Mark 7 guns hurl 2,700-lb (1,225 kg) high-explosive (HE) shells at ~2,500 ft/s muzzle velocity, arcing ballistically like oversized artillery. Against asymmetric rocket threats, Iron Dome shines—but naval shells are bigger, faster, and more armored than Qassams or 155mm howitzers. Phase 1: Opening Salvo (0–5 Minutes – 18–36 Shells)

  • Iowa unleashes two full broadsides (9 shells each, staggered). Radars light up: EL/M-2084 detects the launches instantly.
  • Iron Dome Response: Battle management calculates impacts—only populated-zone threats get Tamir interceptors (2 per shell for redundancy). ~80–90% intercepted mid-flight via proximity fuse detonation, fragmenting the thick-cased shells
    A few “duds” (non-threatening trajectories) are ignored to save ammo.
  • David’s Sling Role: Minimal—shells aren’t ballistic missiles or cruise threats; Stunners are held for escalation.
  • Outcome: 3–7 shells impact (17–39% penetration). Damage: Craters in docks, minor structural hits. Cost to Israel: ~$1–2M in Tamirs. Iowa: ~$10k in shells. Iowa edges early—cheap volume tests the dome.

Phase 2: Sustained Barrage (5–30 Minutes – 100+ Shells)

  • Iowa ramps to full rate: ~12–18 shells/min, focusing “dumb” HE for area saturation. Spotter planes (e.g., P-3 Orion) adjust fire for accuracy.
  • Iron Dome Strain: Handles initial volleys but saturates—each battery has 20 Tamirs, reloads take 15 min. Against salvos, success dips to ~70–80% as overlapping tracks confuse algorithms. Shells’ mass (thicker than 155mm) makes fragmentation harder; some “punch through” with residual velocity.
  • David’s Sling Activation: If >20% penetration, it engages high-altitude shells as “large-caliber rockets” (~85% intercept rate via hit-to-kill Stunners). But at $1M each, it’s uneconomical for an unguided barrage.
Overall for Iowa 1.0: Partial success (25–35% penetration rate). She’d inflict serious damage before countermeasures (e.g., Rafael drones) force repositioning. But vulnerabilities abound: No stealth, slow reloads, and exposure to Israeli counter-battery (e.g., Spike missiles). Historical parallel: WWII naval guns overwhelmed fixed defenses, but Iron Dome’s smarts blunt the edge.
 

Scenario 2: Iowa 2.0 – The Precision Storm

Our upgraded USS Iowa 2.0 (“Thunderstrike”)—62,000 tons, nuclear-powered, 38 knots—transforms naval gunfire from a blunt instrument to a surgical storm. Positioned 20 nautical miles offshore, she unleashes a hybrid precision barrage: six 16-inch Mark 8 guns firing smart/dumb shells and four 64 MJ railguns launching hypervelocity guided projectiles (HVP-ER). The target: a fortified Israeli port (e.g., Haifa), defended by 4–6 Iron Dome batteries and 2–3 David’s Sling units.
 

Phase 1: Opening Salvo (0–5 Minutes – 20–40 Projectiles)Iowa 2.0 opens with a mixed salvo:

  • 9 × 16-inch dumb HE shells (distraction, area saturation)
  • 8 × railgun HVP-ER (Mach 7, GPS-guided, low RCS) targeting Iron Dome radars and launchers

Flight times:

  • 16-inch shells: ~45–60 seconds (ballistic arc)
  • Railgun HVPs: ~30 seconds (flatter, hypersonic trajectory)

Israeli Response:

  • Iron Dome detects all threats instantly. Tamir interceptors prioritize populated zones—2 per shell. Success: ~60% on 16-inch shells, only ~40% on HVPs (too fast, too small, closure rate overwhelms).
  • David’s Sling engages HVPs as tactical ballistic threats—high hit-to-kill probability, but selective due to cost ($1M per Stunner).

Outcome:

  • 8–15 impacts (40–60% penetration)
  • One Iron Dome radar destroyed → 25% coverage loss
  • Cost to Israel: ~$3–5 million
  • Cost to Iowa 2.0: ~$150,000

Early dominance—railguns punch holes before defenses adapt.


Phase 2: Sustained Barrage (5–30 Minutes – 150+ Projectiles)Iowa 2.0 escalates:

  • Rolling 16-inch dumb HE barrage (18 shells/min) — overwhelms tracking
  • Railgun precision strikes (40 RPM total) — targeting reload vehicles, C2 nodes, remaining launchers
  • 50 × MQ-25/XQ-58 drones jam radars, spoof tracks, feed real-time targeting

Defense Collapse:

  • Iron Dome: Initial intercept rate ~75% on shells, drops to 50% under ECM and volume. Reloads delayed—HVPs crater launch trucks.
  • David’s Sling: Prioritizes railguns (~80% intercept), but dumb shell flood forces resource split. Stunners run low.
  • Economic meltdown: Israel spends $20M+ in 25 minutes; Iowa 2.0 spends $1M.

Outcome:

  • 50–80 impacts (50–70% penetration)
  • Defenses crippled — port neutralized, batteries silenced
  • Iowa 2.0 unscathed — reactive armor, lasers, and 38-knot speed shrug off retaliation

Total overwatch in under 20 minutes.


Overall ResultDecisive victory for Iowa 2.0.

  • Penetration rate: 55–70%
  • Time to neutralize defenses: 15–20 minutes
  • Cost ratio: 20:1 in favor of attacker
  • Strategic impact: Beachhead cleared, air defenses blinded, path open for amphibious assault

The hybrid model—dumb volume + smart speed—breaks layered defenses where brute force alone fails.


 

Published by Editor, Sammy Campbell.